College Friends

UNIT1 INTRODUCTION 9 Computing and Computers, Evolution of Computers, VLSI Era, System Design- Register Level, Processor - Level, CPU Organization, Data Representation, Fixed – Point Numbers, Floating Point Numbers, Instruction Formats, Instruction Types. Addressing modes. UNIT 2 DATA PATH DESIGN 9 Fixed Point Arithmetic, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Combinational and Sequential ALUs, Carry look ahead adder, Robertson algorithm, booth’s algorithm, nonrestoring division algorithm, Floating Point Arithmetic, Coprocessor, Pipeline Processing, Pipeline Design, Modified booth’s Algorithm UNIT 3 CONTROL DESIGN 9 Hardwired Control, Microprogrammed Control, Multiplier Control Unit, CPU Control Unit, Pipeline Control, Instruction Pipelines, Pipeline Performance, Superscalar Processing, Nano Programming. UNIT 4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 9 Random Access Memories, Serial - Access Memories, RAM Interfaces, Magnetic Surface Recording, Optical Me...

UNIT I ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS 9 Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential, Solution of wave equation, retarded case,Hertizian dipole. Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle, Directivity,Gain, Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Reciprocity, Equivalence of Radiation patterns, Equivalence of Impedances, Effective aperture, Vector effective length, Antenna temperature. UNIT II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9 Wire antennas: Short dipole, Radiation resistance and Directivity, Half wave Dipole, Monopole, Small loop antennas. Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern Multiplication, Twoelement Array, Uniform Array, Polynomial representation, Array with non-uniform Excitation-Binomial Array UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9 Aperture Antennas: Magnetic Current and its fields, Uniqueness theorem, Field equivalence principle, Duality principle, Method of Images, Pattern properties, Slot antenna, Horn Antenna, Pyramidal Horn Antenna, Reflector ...

  UNIT I PHYSICAL LAYER 9 Data Communications – Networks - Networks models – OSI model – Layers in OSI model– TCP / IP protocol suite – Addressing – Guided and Unguided Transmission media Switching: Circuit switched networks – Data gram Networks – Virtual circuit networks Cable networks for Data transmission: Dialup modems – DSL – Cable TV – Cable TV for Data transfer. UNIT II DATA LINK LAYER 10 Data link control: Framing – Flow and error control –Protocols for Noiseless and Noisy Channels – HDLC Multiple access: Random access – Controlled access Wired LANS : Ethernet – IEEE standards – standard Ethernet – changes in the standard – Fast Ethernet – Gigabit Ethernet .Wireless LANS : IEEE 802.11–Bluetooth. Connecting  LANS: Connecting devices - Backbone networks - Virtual LANS Virtual circuit networks: Architecture and Layers of Frame Relay and ATM. UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 9 Logical addressing: IPv4, IPv6 addresses Internet Protocol: Internetworking – IPv...

  UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – Units and standards of measurements – Error analysis – Moving coil, moving iron meters – Multimeters – True RMS meters – Bridge measurements – Maxwell ,Hay ,Schering ,Anderson and Wien bridge. UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – Block schematic – Applications – Special oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power measurements. –True RMS meters. UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 Function generators – pulse and square wave generators, RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency synthesizer – Wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – Spectrum analyzer - digital spectrum analyzer, Vector Network Analyzer – Digital L,C,R measurements, Digital RLC meters. UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 Comparison of analog and digital techniques – Digital voltmeter – Multimeters – Frequ...