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UNIT I ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS 9 Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential, Solution of wave equation, retarded case,Hertizian dipole. Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle, Directivity,Gain, Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Reciprocity, Equivalence of Radiation patterns, Equivalence of Impedances, Effective aperture, Vector effective length, Antenna temperature. UNIT II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9 Wire antennas: Short dipole, Radiation resistance and Directivity, Half wave Dipole, Monopole, Small loop antennas. Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern Multiplication, Twoelement Array, Uniform Array, Polynomial representation, Array with non-uniform Excitation-Binomial Array UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9 Aperture Antennas: Magnetic Current and its fields, Uniqueness theorem, Field equivalence principle, Duality principle, Method of Images, Pattern properties, Slot antenna, Horn Antenna, Pyramidal Horn Antenna, Reflector ...

  UNIT I PHYSICAL LAYER 9 Data Communications – Networks - Networks models – OSI model – Layers in OSI model– TCP / IP protocol suite – Addressing – Guided and Unguided Transmission media Switching: Circuit switched networks – Data gram Networks – Virtual circuit networks Cable networks for Data transmission: Dialup modems – DSL – Cable TV – Cable TV for Data transfer. UNIT II DATA LINK LAYER 10 Data link control: Framing – Flow and error control –Protocols for Noiseless and Noisy Channels – HDLC Multiple access: Random access – Controlled access Wired LANS : Ethernet – IEEE standards – standard Ethernet – changes in the standard – Fast Ethernet – Gigabit Ethernet .Wireless LANS : IEEE 802.11–Bluetooth. Connecting  LANS: Connecting devices - Backbone networks - Virtual LANS Virtual circuit networks: Architecture and Layers of Frame Relay and ATM. UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 9 Logical addressing: IPv4, IPv6 addresses Internet Protocol: Internetworking – IPv...

  UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – Units and standards of measurements – Error analysis – Moving coil, moving iron meters – Multimeters – True RMS meters – Bridge measurements – Maxwell ,Hay ,Schering ,Anderson and Wien bridge. UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – Block schematic – Applications – Special oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power measurements. –True RMS meters. UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 Function generators – pulse and square wave generators, RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency synthesizer – Wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – Spectrum analyzer - digital spectrum analyzer, Vector Network Analyzer – Digital L,C,R measurements, Digital RLC meters. UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 Comparison of analog and digital techniques – Digital voltmeter – Multimeters – Frequ...

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT 9 Definition Management - Role of managers - Evolution of Management thought - Organization and the environmental factors – Trends and Challenges of Management in Global Scenario. UNIT II PLANNING 9 Nature and purpose of planning - Planning process - Types of plans – Objectives - - Managing by objective (MBO) Strategies - Types of strategies - Policies - Decision Making - Types of decision - Decision Making Process - Rational Decision Making Process - Decision Making under different conditions. UNIT III ORGANIZING 9 Nature and purpose of organizing - Organization structure - Formal and informal groups I organization - Line and Staff authority - Departmentation - Span of control - Centralization and Decentralization - Delegation of authority - Staffing - Selection and Recruitment - Orientation - Career Development - Career stages – Training - Performance Appraisal. UNIT IV DIRECTING 9 Creativity and Innovation - Motivat...

அப்பா: எப்படி இந்தளவு போன் பில் வந்தது. நான் என் அலுவலகத்தில் உள்ள போன் தான் பயன்படுத்துறேன் ­. இங்கிருந்து ஒரு போன் கூட செய்வதில்லை. அம்மா: நானும் அலுவலக போன் தான் பயன்படுத்துறேன் ­. வீட்ல இருந்து ஒரு போன் கூட பண்றது கிடையாது. மகன்: நான் என் அலுவலகத்தில் தந்த மொபைல் போன் தான் உபயோகிக்கிறேன். ‪ அதுவரை‬ அமைதியாய் இருந்த வேலைக்காரனை மூவரும் பார்த்தனர். நானும் என் அலுவலகத்தில் உள்ள போன் தான் உபயோகிக்கிறேன். மற்ற படி எனக்கு எதுவும் தெரியாது. :P