Anna University Madurai-6th semester Elective paper for ECE

SEMESTER VI – Elective I (E01)

Code No. Course Title L T P C

10144ECE11 Medical Electronics 3 0 0 3

10144ECE12 Operating Systems 3 0 0 3

10144ECE13 Solid State Electronic Devices 3 0 0 3

10144ECE14 Speech Processing 3 0 0 3

10144ECE15 Numerical Methods 3 1 0 4

10144ECE16 Multicore Programming 3 0 0 3

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10144ECE11 MEDICAL ELECTRONICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING 9

The origin of Bio-potentials; biopotential electrodes, biological amplifiers, ECG, EEG,

EMG, PCG, EOG, lead systems and recording methods, typical waveforms and signal

characteristics.                  

UNIT II BIO-CHEMICAL AND NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER

MEASUREMENT 9

PH, PO2, PCO2, PHCO3, Electrophoresis, colorimeter, photometer, Auto analyzer,

Blood flow meter, cardiac output, respiratory measurement, Blood pressure,

temperature, pulse, Blood cell counters.

UNIT III ASSIST DEVICES AND BIO-TELEMETRY 9

Cardiac pacemakers, DC Defibrillator, Telemetry principles, frequency selection,

Biotelemetry, radio-pill and tele-stimulation.

UNIT IV RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENTS 9

Ionosing radiation, Diagnostic x-ray equipments, use of Radio Isotope in diagnosis,

Radiation Therapy.

UNIT V RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 9

Thermograph, endoscopy unit, Laser in medicine, Diathermy units, Electrical safety in

medical equipment.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS

1. Leislie Cromwell, “Biomedical instrumentation and measurement”, Prentice Hall of

India, New Delhi, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, TATA McGraw-Hill, New

Delhi, 2003.

2. Joseph J.Carr and John M.Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical equipment

Technology”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2004.

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10144ECE12 OPERATING SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9

Introduction – Multiprogramming – Time sharing – Multi-user Operating systems –

System Call – Structure of Operating Systems

UNIT II PROCESS MANAGEMENT 9

Concept of Processes – Interprocess Communication – Racing – Synchronisation –

Mutual Exclusion – Scheduling – Implementation Issues – IPC in Multiprocessor System

– Threads

UNIT III MEMORY MANAGEMENT 9

Partition – paging – segmentation – virtual memory concepts – relocation algorithms –

buddy systems – Free space management – Case study.

UNIT IV DEVICE MANAGEMENT AND FILE SYSTEMS 9

File concept – access methods – directory structure – File system mounting – file

sharing – protection – file system implementation – I/O Hardware – Application I/O

Interface – Kernal I/O subsystem – Transforming I/O to Hardware Operations – Streams

– Disk Structure – Disk Scheduling Management – RAID structure

–

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UNIT V MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS 9

Concepts of distributed operating systems – Real time operating system – Case studies:

UNIX, LINUX and Windows 2000.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Galvin and Gagne, ‘Operating System Concepts’,

Seventh Edition, John Wiley, 2007.

2. William Stallings, ‘Operating Systems – Internals and Design Principles’, Fifth

Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2005.

REFERENCES

1. Andrew Tanenbaum, ‘Modern Operating Systems’, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

2. Deital.H.M, “Operating Systems - A Modern Perspective”, Second Edition, Addison

Wesley, 2004.

3. Mukesh Singhal, Niranjan G.Shivaratri, “Advanced Concepts in Operating Systems”,

Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.

4. D.M.Dhamdhere, “Operating Systems – A Concept based Approach”, Second

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

5. Crowley.C, “Operating Systems: A Design – Oriented Approach”, Tata McGraw Hill,

1999.

6. Ellen Siever, Aaron Weber, Stephen Figgins, ‘LINUX in a Nutshell’, Fourth Edition,

O’reilly, 2004.

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10144ECE13 SOLID STATE ELECTRONIC DEVICES L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I CRYSTAL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH OF SEMICONDUCTORS 9

Semiconductor materials - Periodic Structures - Crystal Lattices - Cubic lattices - Planes

and Directions - Diamond lattice - Bulk Crystal Growth - Starting Materials - Growth of

Single Crystal lngots - Wafers - Doping - Epitaxial Growth - Lattice Matching in Epitaxial

Growth - Vapor - Phase Epitaxy - Atoms and Electrons - Introduction to Physical Models

- Experimental Observations - Photoelectric Effect - Atomic spectra - Bohr model -

Quantum Mechanics - Probability and Uncertainty Principle - Schrodinger Wave

Equation - Potential Well Equation - Potential well Problem - Tunneling.

UNIT II ENERGY BANDS AND CHARGE CARRIERS IN

SEMICONDUCTORS AND JUNCTIONS 9

Energy bands in Solids, Energy Bands in Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators - Direct and

Indirect Semiconductors - Variation of Energy Bands with Alloy Composition - Charge

Carriers in Semiconductors - Electrons and Holes - Electrons and Holes in Quantum Wells -

Carrier Concentrations - Fermi Level - Electron and Hole Concentrations at Equilibrium -

Temperature Dependence of Carrier Concentrations - Compensation and Space Charge

Neutrality - Drift of Carrier in Electric and Magnetic Fields conductivity and Mobility - Drift

and Resistance - Effects of Temperature and Doping on Mobility - High field effects - Hall

Effect - invariance of Fermi level at equilibrium - Fabrication of p-n junctions, Metal

semiconductor junctions.

UNIT III METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FET 9

GaAS MESFET - High Electron Mobility Transistor - Short channel Effects – Metal Insulator

Semiconductor FET - Basic Operation and Fabrication - Effects of Real Surfaces - Threshold

Voltage - MOS capacitance Measurements - current – Voltage Characteristics of MOS Gate

Oxides - MOS Field Effect Transistor – Output characteristics - Transfer characteristics -

Short channel MOSFET V-I characteristics - Control of Threshold Voltage - Substrate Bias

Effects - Sub threshold characteristics - Equivalent Circuit for MOSFET - MOSFET Scaling

and Hot Electron Effects - Drain - Induced Barrier Lowering - short channel and Narrow

Width Effect - Gate Induced Drain Leakage.

UNIT IV OPTOELCTRONIC DEVICES 9

Photodiodes - Current and Voltage in illuminated Junction - Solar Cells - Photo detectors

- Noise and Bandwidth of Photo detectors - Light Emitting Diodes - Light Emitting Materials

- Fiber Optic Communications Multilayer Heterojunctions for LEDs - Lasers - Semiconductor

lasers - Population Inversion at a Junction Emission Spectra for p-n junction - Basic

Semiconductor lasers - Materials for Semiconductor lasers.

UNIT V HIGH FREQUENSY AND HIGH POWER DEVICES 9

Tunnel Diodes, IMPATT Diode, operation of TRAPATT and BARITT Diodes, Gunn Diode -

transferred - electron mechanism, formation and drift of space charge domains, p-n-p-n Diode,

Semiconductor Controlled Rectifier, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor.

TEXT BOOK TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

1. Ben. G. Streetman & Sanjan Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th Edition,

PHI, 2003.

REFERENCES

1. Donald A. Neaman, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002.

2. Yannis Tsividis, Operation & Mode line of MOS Transistor, 2nd Edition, Oxford

University Press, 1999. 3. Nandita Das Gupta & Aamitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor

Devices Modeling a Technology, PHI, 2004.

4. D.K. Bhattacharya & Rajinish Sharma, Solid State Electronic Devices, Oxford University

Press, 2007.

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10144ECE14 SPEECH PROCESSING L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I MECHANICS OF SPEECH 9

Speech production: Mechanism of speech production, Acoustic phonetics - Digital

models for speech signals - Representations of speech waveform: Sampling speech

signals, basics of quantization, delta modulation, and Differential PCM - Auditory

perception: psycho acoustics.

UNIT II TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9

Time domain parameters of Speech signal – Methods for extracting the parameters

Energy, Average Magnitude, Zero crossing Rate – Silence Discrimination using ZCR

and energy – Short Time Auto Correlation Function – Pitch period estimation using Auto

Correlation Function.

UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9

Short Time Fourier analysis: Fourier transform and linear filtering interpretations,

Sampling rates - Spectrographic displays - Pitch and formant extraction - Analysis by

Synthesis - Analysis synthesis systems: Phase vocoder, Channel Vocoder -

Homomorphic speech analysis: Cepstral analysis of Speech, Formant and Pitch

Estimation, Homomorphic Vocoders.

UNIT IV LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH 9

Basic Principles of linear predictive analysis – Auto correlation method – Covariance

method – Solution of LPC equations – Cholesky method – Durbin’s Recursive algorithm,

– Application of LPC parameters – Pitch detection using LPC parameters – Formant

analysis – VELP – CELP.

UNIT V APPLICATION OF SPEECH & AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 9

Algorithms: Dynamic time warping, K-means clusering and Vector quantization,

Gaussian mixture modeling, hidden Markov modeling - Automatic Speech Recognition:

Feature Extraction for ASR, Deterministic sequence recognition, Statistical Sequence

recognition, Language models - Speaker identification and verification – Voice response

system – Speech synthesis: basics of articulatory, source-filter, and concatenative

synthesis – VOIP

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK:

1. Thomas F, Quatieri, Discrete-Time Speech Signal Processing, Prentice Hall /

Pearson Education, 2004.

REFERENCES:

1. Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, John Wiley and

Sons Inc., Singapore, 2004

2. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaffer – Digital Processing of Speech signals – Prentice Hall

-1979

3. L.R. Rabiner and B. H. Juang, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall,

1993.

4. J.R. Deller, J.H.L. Hansen and J.G. Proakis, Discrete Time Processing of Speech

Signals, John Wiley, IEEE Press, 1999.

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10144ECE15 NUMERICAL METHODS L T P C

3 1 0 4

UNIT I SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS 9

Solution of equation –Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method - Newton’s method – Solution

of linear system by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordon method– Iterative method -

Gauss-Seidel method - Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordon method – Eigen value of a

matrix by power method and by Jacobi method for symmetric matrix.

UNIT II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION 9

Lagrangian Polynomials – Divided differences – Interpolating with a cubic spline –

Newton’s forward and backward difference formulas.

UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 9

Differentiation using interpolation formulae –Numerical integration by trapezoidal and

Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – Romberg’s method – Two and Three point Gaussian

quadrature formulae – Double integrals using trapezoidal and Simpsons’s rules.

UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS 9

Single step methods: Taylor series method – Euler method for first order equation –

Fourth order Runge – Kutta method for solving first and second order equations –

Multistep methods: Milne’s and Adam’s predictor and corrector methods.

UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9

Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation – Finite difference

solution of one dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods – One

dimensional wave equation and two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.

L : 45 , T : 15 ,TOTAL = 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Veerarjan, T and Ramachandran, T. ‘Numerical methods with programming in ‘C’

Second Editiion, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing.Co.Ltd. (2007).

2. Sankara Rao K, ‘Numerical Methods for Scientisits and Engineers’ – 3rd editiion

Printice Hall of India Private Ltd, New Delhi, (2007).

REFERENCES

1. Chapra, S. C and Canale, R. P. “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, 5th Edition, Tata

McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.

2. Gerald, C. F. and Wheatley, P.O., “Applied Numerical Analysis”, 6th Edition, Pearson

Education Asia, New Delhi, 2006.

3. Grewal, B.S. and Grewal,J.S., “ Numerical methods in Engineering and Science”, 6th

Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2004

4.P. Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy & K. Gunavathy, “Numerical Methods”, S. Chand &

Company Ltd.

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10144ECE16 MULTICORE PROGRAMMING L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPROCESSORS AND SCALABILITY

ISSUES 9

Scalable design principles – Principles of processor design – Instruction Level

Parallelism, Thread level parallelism. Parallel computer models –- Symmetric and

distributed shared memory architectures – Performance Issues – Multi-core

Architectures - Software and hardware multithreading – SMT and CMP architectures –

Design issues – Case studies – Intel Multi-core architecture – SUN CMP architecture.

UNIT II PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 9

Fundamental concepts – Designing for threads – scheduling - Threading and parallel

programming constructs – Synchronization – Critical sections – Deadlock. Threading

APIs.

UNIT III OPENMP PROGRAMMING 9

OpenMP – Threading a loop – Thread overheads – Performance issues – Library

functions. Solutions to parallel programming problems – Data races, deadlocks and

livelocks – Non-blocking algorithms – Memory and cache related issues.

UNIT IV MPI PROGRAMMING 9

MPI Model – collective communication – data decomposition – communicators and

topologies – point-to-point communication – MPI Library.

UNIT V MULTITHREADED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 9

Algorithms, program development and performance tuning.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOK

1. Shameem Akhter and Jason Roberts, “Multi-core Programming”, Intel Press, 2006.

2. Michael J Quinn, Parallel programming in C with MPI and OpenMP, Tata Mcgraw Hill,

2003.

REFERENCES

1. John L. Hennessey and David A. Patterson, “ Computer architecture – A quantitative

approach”, Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Publishers, 4th. edition, 2007.

2. David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal Singh, “Parallel computing architecture : A hardware/

software approach” , Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Publishers, 1999.